Loom



Sept, 7, 1948. R. E. WALLISER I 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Feb. 24, 1945 P 1948- R. E.- WALLISER 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. 24, 1945 flew) Jokril'. ZazZZz'ser.

Sept. 7, 1948.

R- E. WALLISER LOOK 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Feb. 24, 1945 Sept. 7, 1948.

R. E. WALLISER LOOM 5 Sheets-Sheet 4' Filed Feb. 24, 1945 nan: 2mm):

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LOOII Filed Feb. 24, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 @ZX/ fiobertl'fwallzls'er.

at... Sept. 1, 1948 LooM Robert E. Walliser, Libertyville, IIL, asslgnor, by

cuts, to Llbertyville Textiles,

Inc., Libertyville, Ill., a corporation of Illinois Application February 24, 1945, Serial No. 579.537

rugs with projecting loops of thread extending from the surface thereof.

One object of this invention is to provide a mechanism for forming a woven fabric from pile warp and ground warp threads with weft threads woven therebetween, wherein the pile warp threads are periodically projected from the fabric in the form of loops integrally secured to but extending from the fabric.

Another object of the invention is to provide in a loom means for projecting loops in a portion of the warp threads, the loops extending from the woven fabric. Still another object is to provide in a loom a needle arranged to engage the pile warp threads, to advance the same to form loops therein, and thereafter to release the threads. Yet another object is to provide a shuttle mechanism for periodically weaving a Weft thread between warp threads, and means for interrupting the operation of the shuttle mechanism for a single period.

Another object is to arrange the shuttle mechanism in cooperation with the loop projecting means whereby the operation of the shuttle mechanism is interrupted when the pile warp threads are engaged for the formation of loops, and the operation is resumed before the pile warp threads are released. A further object is to provide a tension device in a loom for exerting a tension upon the pile warp threads, and means for releasing the tension when the pile warpthreads are engaged by a loop projecting member.

Other features and advantages will appear from the following specification and drawings, in whlch--' Fig. l is a front elevational view of the improved loom; Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view taken along the line 2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a fragmentary detail view, in elevation, of the mechanism for actuating the t'ensionlng device; Fig. 4 is a fragmentary detail view, in elevation, of the mechanism for controlling the action'of the loop projecting member; Fig. 4A is an enlarged sectional detail view, the section being taken as indicated at line 4A of Fig. 4; Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line 5 of Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is a front elevational view, partly broken away, of the loop projecting member; Fig. '7 is a plan view of the same; Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken along line 8 of Fig. 6; Fig. 9 is a, longitudinal sectional view of a portion of the woven fabric, showing the loop projecting needle in position 5 Claims. (Cl. 139-38) adjacent the pile warp thread; Fig. 10 is a similar view of the fabric afterthe needle has engaged the pile warp thread; Fig. 11 is a horizontal sectional view of the advancing warp threads, with the needle in adjacent position, the dotted lines showing the turning movement of the needle; Fig. 12 is a view similar to Fig. 11, showing the needle in engagement with the threads; Fig. 13 is a fragmentary detail view in horizontal section of a portion of the woven fabric; Fig. 14 is a vertical sectional view of a modification oi the loop projecting needle; Fig. 15 is a transverse sectional view taken along the line ii of Fig..14; and Fig. 16 is a transverse sectional view taken along the line ii of Fig. 14.

In standard and conventional loom constructions, the loom is usually provided with means for advancing warp threads through the apparatus and with a shuttle and bobbin construction for passing one or more weft threads back and forth between the warp threads to form the woven fabric. The warp threads are divided into at least two groups which are independently received by heddles.

The heddles move with a reciprocating motion to separate the two groups of warp threads. and then, after the weft thread has been passed between the separated warp threads, the heddles are moved in opposite directions with respect to each other to enclose the weft thread'in the fabric and again separate the warp threads. The weaving operation continues by again passing the weft threads between the separated warp threads.

The operation of the heddles and other 00- operating elements of the loom structure is controlled by a dobbyhead which serves to synchronize the various elements of the structure.

The structure of the present invention includes these conventional loom elements together with additional mechanism and means for providing cooperation between the elements. In so far as the structure relates to conventional and wellknown loom mechanism, it will not be described in detail herein.

The loom mechanism of the present invention is particularly adapted to form a fabric or rug having long twisted loops extending from the surface thereof to form articles similar to bulproviding a sturdy and attractive product more pleasing in appearance than rugs of this type heretofore formed.

The fabric or rug is described in detail in Robert E. Walliser Patent No. 2,308,577, for Rug, which issued January 19, 1943.

In the specific embodiment of the invention described herein, the loom includes 'a shuttle and bobbin means A driven by a drive mechanism B. The pile warp threads are carried in heddles C, the cooperation of the various elements being obtained by means of a dobbyhead D. The loom is also equipped with a tensioning device E and a loop projecting mechanism F.

Referring particularly to Fig. 2, a frame 20 supports a large roller 2| rotatably mounted on the shaft 22. The roller 2| carries ground warp threads 23, preferably wound on the roller in pairs 24 and 25. The ground warp threads extending from the roller 2| pass over a shaft 26 and are received within the heddles 21 and 28, the heddle 28 receiving the threads 25, and the heddle 21 receiving the threads 24. From the heddles 21 and 28, the ground warp threads extend over the batten 29 and are formed into the fabric 36.

The fabric 30 is received on the roller 3|, passes to the small roller 32, and is wound on the roller 33. I

The extensions 34 and 35 of the frame 20 support a second large roller 36 rotatably mounted on the shaft 3]. Thepile warp threads 36 are carried by the roller 36 and are delivered to the tension release shafts 39 and 40 of the tension device E. From the shaft 49, the pile warp threads extend to the heddle 4| across the shuttle supporting member 29 to the loop projecting mechanism F. The pile warp threads 36 are incorporated in the fabric 30, being integrally secured thereto by the shuttle and bobbin means A and having loops formed therein by the loop projecting member F.

Referring now to Fig. 1, the rollers 3| 32 and 33 are carried on shafts 43, 44 and 45 journaled in suitable brackets on the frame 20. Shafts 43 and 45 have rigidly secured thereto gears 46 and 41, by means of which the shafts may be driven by any suitable power means. The roller 32 serves to reverse the position of the pile of the rug so that the pile, although extending from the outer surface of the fabric 39 as it is received on the roller 3|, is on the inner surface of the fabric when it is received on the roller 33.

Referring again to Fig. 2, the heddles 21, 28 and 4| are mounted for vertical reciprocating motion in the usual manner and are controlled in their movement by the dobbyhead D. The shuttle and bobbin mechanism is also of conventional construction and will not be described in detail herein.

A main drive shaft 48, driven by any suitable means (not shown), carried a large gear 49 and an arm 59 rigidly mounted thereon. To the ends of the arm 50 are attached a pair of cams and 52, which are arranged to engage the boss 53 on the bracket 54 on the shaft 55. To the shaft 56 is rigidly secured a lever 56.

As seen particularly in Fig. 1, the lever 56 is pivotally joined at 51 to a bar 58 which engages and drives the arm or picker-stick 59. The arm 59 carries a picker block (not shown) which is arranged to strike the shuttle 6| when it is in shuttle box 69 and to drive it across the loom.

On the opposite side of the loom is a duplicate mechanism for driving a similar arm or pickerstick 62, which strikes the shuttle when it is in the shuttle box 63 to pass it back across the loom. when the cam 5| passes the boss or shoe 53, the

arm 59 is returned to its original position by conventional means, not shown.

As seen particularly in Fig. 2, the gear 49 carries a chain 64 which drives a smaller gear rotatably mounted on the shaft 66. The shaft 66 carries means for actuating and operating the loop projecting mechanism F. A crank 61 formed in the shaft 66 is pivotally attached to a laterally extending arm 68 of the support 69 for the loop projecting member. The support 69, in turn, is pivotally mounted on the shaft 10 in the frame 29. Rotation of the shaft 66 thus imparts horizontal reciprocating motion to the loop projecting mechanism F.

A cam II is also carried by the shaft 66 and is engaged by the roller 12 on the arm 13. The arm 13 is pivotally mounted at I4 on the bracket 15 which is secured to the frame 26. The opposite end of the arm I3 is pivotally connected to another arm 16 which extends to the loop projecting mechanism.

The shaft 66 is brought into drive relation with the gear 65 by a clutch mechanism hereinafter described.

A shaft TI is driven by a gear 16 (Fig. 3), which in turn is driven by a large gear 19 on the shaft 48. The shaft 11 carries a crank 8| which is pivotally connected to an arm 82 secured at its other end to the batten 29 which in turn is carried by the standards 83. The usual reed structure is housed in the batten.

The standards 83, in turn, are pivotally mounted on the shaft 10 so that rotation of the shaft 11 and crank pin 8| produces a horizontal reciprocating motion in the shuttle-supporting member 29. The standards 83 also support a horizontal plate 84 which extends across the loom under the ground warp threads 24 and supports the shuttle 6| in its passage across the loom on the ground warp threads 24.

The tension device E, which is operated to momentarily release the tension on pile warp 38, includes a bracket 85 in which is journaled the shaft 39. Another bracket 86 extends downwardly from the shaft 39 to support the shaft 49'. Rotation of the shaft 39 thus produces a horizontal movement of the shaft 49.

Referring now to Fig. 3, the shaft 39 carries a ratchet 81 provided with teeth 88 along one side thereof. The teeth 88 are engaged by a pair of pawls 69 and 90, the pawl 69 being ivotally mounted on the shaft 9|. To the opposite end of the pawl 89 is secured a spring 92 and a lead wire 93 to the dobbyhead D. A depending arm 94 is pivotally mounted on the shaft 9| and serves as a pivotal support for the pawl 90. The lower end of the arm 94 engages a cam 95 on the shaft 11.

As seen particularly in Figs. 4, 4, and 5, the loop projecting mechanism F is controlled in operation by a clutch mechanism. The shaft 56 supports a drum 96 rigidly mounted thereon. Another shaft 96 is slidably received within the drum, as seen particularly in Fig. 4 The shaft 96 engages at its end a recess or socket (not shown) in the gear 65 so as to releasably interlock the gear 65 and drum 96 for rotational movement and thus cause the rotation of the gear 65 to produce rotation of the drum 96 and shaft 66.

A pin 91 extends laterally from theshaft 96' and from the drum 96. A spring 9| urges the shaft 96 into the socket in the gear 65 so as to lock the gear 65 and the drum 96 together.

A recess stop member 98 is adapted to engage the pin 91 and prevent the rotation of the drum rotate in the channeled bar III.

5 24. The sto member is pivotally mounted on the shaft 9! and connected by link Hill with the bar III. An arm I02, pivotally mounted at I03, connects the bar IUI to a lead wire I04 connected to the dobbyhead D. When the lead wire IN is lowered, the stop member 98 is drawn away from the drum 96 out of engagement with the pin 9?. The spring 91 then causes the drum 96 to be interlocked in drive relation with the gear 82, and the shaft 6G is rotated by rotation of the gear 65. When, on the other hand, the lead wire MM is raised, the stop member 98 is brought into engagement with the drum 96, and the pin 9? is moved against the urging of the spring 91 longitudinally of the drum 9G and away from the gear 65. This releases the pin 96 from interlocking engagement with the gear 65, and rotation of the drum 96 and shaft 66 ceases. The clutch mechanism for releasably connecting the drum dill in drive relation with the gar 65 may be any suitabe mechanism and is therefore not described in greater detail herein.

The dobbyhead D, as seen particulary in Figs. 2 and i, is equipped with a series of pulleys m5 upon which the various lead wires are carried. The lead wires Hi6 extend to the upper ends of the heddles 2?, 2t and ll, while the lead wires iiil pass around the pulleys IilB to the lower ends of the same heddles.

Lead wires 93 and I!) (Fig. 3) are connected to the dobbyhead and control the action of the tension releasing device E. When the lead wires 92 and M9 are lifted, the pawls 89 and 90 are released from the ratchet 81, and the shaft 39 is permitted to rotate in a counter-clockwise direction to release the tension on the pile warp threads 38.

The loop projecting mechanism F, as seen particularly in Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9, includes a plurality of needles H0, which are rotatably mounted in a channeled bar III carried by the support 69 which is pivotally mounted on the frame 20. The bar III also supports a. pivot H2, on which is mounted a crank H3 pivotally connected at one end to the arm I6 and at the other to a laterally extending arm H3. The arm H3 is, in turn, secured to a bracket H4-which is riveted to an angle member H5. The upper portions of the needles are turned laterally at H6 and then upwardly to form extensions H1 which are received within the member H5.

The bar iII supports a bracket H8 to which is secured a, spring I iii. The other end of the spring H9 is attached to a pin I20 on the member H5, the spring being so arranged as to draw the member H and the upper extensions Hi of the needles toward the bracket H8. The needles thus The lower portion of each needle isprovided with a lateral extension In which is adapted to engage the pile warp threads.

Referring again to Fig. 1, the shuttle boxes Gil and 63 are connected to the rods I22 and I23, which are slidably received within the sleeves I24 and I25. Springs I28 and I21, resting at one end against collars I40 and I, respectively, on the rods I22 and I23, support the shuttle boxes 60 and 63, the springs, as shown in Fig. 1, being under suflicient compression to support the shuttle boxes 60 and 63. Wires I28 and I29 are connected to the dobbyhead and to the bosses I42 and I42 on the rods I22 and I23, respectively. The actuation of the appropriate cranks of the dobbyare changed in position to release the wires I28 and I29, the shuttle boxes III and 83 are lowered by gravity to a position where they are not engaged by the picker-blocks (not shown) on the picker-sticks or arms 59 and 62. The springs I26 and I2! provide an escapement to prevent breakage in the event that the shuttle boxes become jammed.

When the shuttle boxes 60 and 63 are in lowered position, their shuttles are not engaged by the pickers actuated by the arms 59 and 62, and the shuttle BI is not passed across the loom. As soon as the boxes are lifted by the wires I28 and I29 to normal upward position, the shuttle is engaged by the pickers actuated by the arm at and 82.

The dobbyhead mechanism D is of conventional construction and need not be described in detail herein. The usual jacks i3t are connected to the various lead wires and are actuated by any suitable means, such as the well-known pattern chain construction (not shown). The jacks may be of any desired number, and may be arranged so that they are actuated at the appropriate time by adjustment of the conventional actuating means.

Referring now to Figs. 2, 9, 1d, 11, 12 and 13, the pile warp threads 38 are advanced through the loom around the needles IIIi, with the lower lateral extensions I2i of the needles being positioned adjacent groups of the pile warp threads. The normal position of the needles IIII is that shown in Fig. 2 where they are out of the path of the reed. Fig. 9 shows the position of the needles after shaft 66 is revolved in a loop-forming cycle. The loom is so constructed and operated that the ground warp threads 25 normally are shed with the pile warp threads 38, while the ground warp threads 24 are separated therefrom in order to permit the shuttle and the weft thread I3I carried thereby to pass between the warp threads- As seen in Fig. 13, the weaving operation is carried out in the conventional manner for five successive passes of the weft thread between the warp threads. At this point, the heddle carrying the ground warp threads 25 remains in lowered position, while the ground warp threads 24 are also brought to lowered position. At the same time, the pile warp threads 38 are raised. The normal position of the needles is illustrated in Fig. 2 where they are out of the path of the reed while Fig. 9 shows their position after shaft 66 has revolved 180 in a loop-forming cycle. The lateral extensions I2I of the needles HIi are turned to the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 11, wherein they engage the pile warp threads adjacent thereto. The loop projecting mechanism F advances the needles to the positipn shown in Figs. 10 and 12.

In the modification of the loop projecting mechanism F, shown in Figs. 14, 15 and 16, the needle I Iii is in the format a sleeve receiving the rod I32. The arrangements of the bar III and member H5 are the same as those already described. The rod I32 is vertically slidable within the needle III] and is equipped at its upper end with a collar I23 which is adapted to engage the channel member I34. To the lower end of the rod I3: is secured a cutting blade I35 which extends through a slot I26 in the side of the needle. The lateral extension I2I on the lower portion of the needle is provided with a groove I31 for receiving the cutting blade.

The member I34 may be moved downwardly auaoao Operation The ground warp threads 24 and 29 are advanced from the roller 2! over the roller 26 to the heddles 21 and 28. At the same time, the

pile warp thread 38 is passed from the roller 86 across the shafts 39 and 88 of the tension device E to tho heddle M. The heddles are so arranged that the pile warp threads 38 and ground warp threads 2-5 are maintained in raised position while the ground warp threads 24 are inlowered position. When the heddle 21 is raised, the

heddles 28 and II are lowered to reverse the position of the threads.

The pile warp and ground warp threads passing through the heddles extend across the batten 29, with the ground warp threads 24 resting on the supporting plate 84. At this point,

the shuttle and bobbin 6I are passed across between the warp threads and received within the shuttle box on the opposite side of the loom.

The pile warp threads 38 passing beyond the batten 29 are periodically engaged by the lateral extension I2I of the needles III], and a loop is formed in each of the threads. The'woven fabric is then received on the rollers 3|, 32 and 83. The fabric and the threads are advanced through the loom by the driving of the rollers 3| and 33 through the gears 46 and 91.

As the warp threads are advanced through the apparatus, the actuating mechanism of the tensioning device causes the shaft 39 to be turned clockwise, thereby causing a taking up of all of the slack on the pile warp threads 38. This operation is accomplished by the rotation of the gear 19 on the shaft 48, which, in turn, drives the gear 18 and cam 95 on the shaft 11. The movement of the cam moves the arm 94 and causes the pawl 98 to advance the ratchet 81 in a clockwise direction. When the-recessed portion of the cam 95 engages the arm 94, the pawl 98 is withdrawn to engage the next adjacent tooth 88. The pawl 89 in the meantime remains in engagement with a tooth ,88 of the ratchet 81 and prevents release of the tension.

At the time that the needles H8 engage the pile warp threads 38, the appropriate jacks of the dobbyhead D are actuated to lift the lead wires 93 and I89, releasing the pawls 89 and 90 from the ratchet 81, and thus permitting the shaft 39 to turn in a counter-clockwise direction and release the tension on the pile warp threads 38.

The rotation of the drive shaft 48 also causes rotation of the arm 58 and cams and 52 to drive the shuttle actuating mechanism. The cams 5| and 52 engage the shoe or'boss 53 of the bracket 54, rotating the shaft 65 and moving the picker-stick 59 against the shuttle. When the picker actuated by arm 59 engages the shuttle, it drives the shuttle 6I across the loom between the warp threads to the shuttle box 68. After the heddles have changed position, the arm 8 62 then drives the shuttle from the shuttle box 63 across the loom to the shuttle box 68.

The loop projecting member F is also driven from the drive shaft 48. The gear 49 drives the chain 68 and gear 65 which is rotatably mounted on the shaft 66. The drum 96 provides a clutch for bringing the shaft 66 into fixed relation with the gear 65.

Referring particularly to Fig. 4, when the lead wire I94 is raised by the appropriate jack of the dobbyhead D, the stop member 98 is moved away from the drum 96 and pin 91. This permits the spring 91a within the drum to urge shaft 96a within the drum into driving relation with the gear 65, thus driving the shaft 66.

When the shaft 66 is rotated, the cam 1I causes movement of the roller 12, arm 13, and arm 16, thus turning the lateral extensions I2I of the needles IIIl. At the same time, the crank 61 on the shaft 66 moves the supporting arm 89 to advance the loop projecting mechanism and form.

the loops in the pile warp threads 38. Fig. 2 shows the normal position of the needles where they are out of the path of the reed, while Fig. 9 shows their position after the shaft 66 has revolved in a loop-forming cycle. When the needles I II] are broughtiinto engagement with the pile warp threads 38, the dobbyhead causes the wires I28 and I29 to be moved and the shuttle boxes 68 and 63 to be lowered.

The batten 29 and the reed carried thereby are driven by the arm 82, which is connected by a crank 8i to the shaft 11. Accordingly, rotation of the shaft 11 causes the batten 29 to be reciprocated. The shaft 11 is driven by the gear 18, which in turn is driven by the main gear 19 on the main drive shaft 48.

Since the batten 29 and the loop projecting member F are driven by means which are actuated by the shaft 48, the movement of the loop projecting mechanism F is readily synchronized with the movement of the batten 29, so that the mechanism F on the arm 69 moves to its rearward position when the batten 29 and the reed carried thereby are in their rearward position. The loop projecting mechanism F is then advanced to its forward position, as seen in Fig. 2, before the batten 29 is moved forwardly at the time of the beat-up. When the loop projecting mechanism F is in the forward position shown in Fig. 2, the batten 29 and the reed carried thereby may be reciprocated to their forward position without interference from the loop projecting mechanism.

After five passes of the shuttle have been completed, heddle frames 21 and 28 are lowered and heddle frame H is raised. At the same time, boxes 69 and 63 are lowered so thatthe shuttle is removed from the path of the picker-block (not shown) carried by the picker-stick or arm 59. Thus, at this moment the ground warp threads are depressed and out of reach of the needles III! andthe pile warp threads are raised within the operating range of the needles II8. In this position, the shuttle is not engaged by either of the pickers carried by the picker-sticks 59 and 62, and the shuttle does not pass across the loom. The dobbyhead is so arranged that the shuttle boxes are held in this position for only a single movement of the sticks 59 or 62. Thus, in the periodic movement of the shuttle across the loom, only one period is missed.

The fabric contains pile warp threads and ground warp threads disposed in parallel relation to each other. Preferably, there are two 'the threads rotate to form twisted loops.

ground warp threads for each pile warp thread. The weft threads Ill extend back and forth across the fabric between the warp threads, the weft thread being alternately above and below each of the warp threads between the loops.

The loops may be spaced apart in the fabric, and, as shown, are formed with five weft threads between adjacent loops. When the last of the five weft threads has been passed across the loom between the warp threads, the heddle on the lower ground warp thread remains in fixed position, while the upper ground warp thread is lowered and the pile warp thread is raised. The needles H are thus brought into engagement with the pile warp threads and advanced to form loops in each of the same.

When the needles are brought into engagement with the pile warp threads, the tensioning device is released and the shuttle boxes are lowered to prevent the passage of the shuttle across the loom. By the time that the needle has reached advanced position 'and the loops have been formed, the pile warp threads have been lowered by the heddle H and the ground warp threads 24 have been raised by the heddle 27. The shuttle boxes 60 and 63 are returned to normal raised position, and the shuttle is passed across the loom between the warp threads to continue the weaving operation.

In this fabric, the weft threads are located alternately above and below each warp thread until the loop is reached. At this point, the weft thread is passed twice through the shed on the same side of the warp threads, and then the alternate arrangement is resumed.

When the needles are in advanced position and the loops have been formed in the threads, the needles are then turned to their original angular position and movedrearwardly to release them from the'loops. The needles are freed from the loops as a result of their rearward movement for the next loop-forming operation. By referring herein to advancing the needle is meant moving the needle in any direction to draw the pile warp threads into loops.

When the modification of the invention shown in Figs. 14, 15 and 16 is used, the cutting blades I35 engage the loops on the needles I I0 when the needles are in advanced position. The cutting blades I35 being slidably supported by the needles Illl may be moved downwardly along the needles until they are brought into engagement with the loops thereon and then passed th'rough the loops to the grooves I31. The loops are then cut by this action.

The pile warp threads used are preferably twisted so that after loops are formed therein, When the modification of the invention is used and the loops are cut, this twisting action, of course, becomes less important.

This application is a continuation-in-part of my abandoned copending application Serial No. 367,115, filed November 25, 1940, for Loom.

While there are shown and described certain embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that it is capable of many modifications. Changes, therefore, in the construction and arrangement may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

I claim:

1. In a loom of the character set forth, equipped with means for advancing ground warp and pile warp threads, means for raising and lowering said ground warp and pile warp threads,

and with shuttle means for periodically weaving a weft thread between said warp threads, 9. plurality of needles mounted for movement in vertical planes always parallel with vertical planes passing through said warp threads, said needles being also mounted for turning movement, said needles being provided with hooked ends, means for rotating said needles when said pil warp threads are raised to bring said hooks into a position behind a plurality of pile warp threads, and means for advancing said needles as said pile warp threads are lowered to form a loop in each of said pile warp threads,

2. In a loom of the character set forth, equipped with means for advancing ground warp and pile warp threads, means for raising and lowering said ground warp and pile warp threads and with shuttle means for periodically weaving a weft thread between said warp threads, a plural-, ity of needles mounted for movement in vertical planes always parallel with vertical planes passing through said warp threads, said needles being also mounted for turnin movement, said needles bein provided with hooked ends, means for rotating said needles when said pile warp threads are raised to bring said hooks into a position behind a plurality of pile warp threads, means for advancing said needles as said pile warp threads are lowered to form a loop in each of said pile warp threads, means for rotating said needles after the forming of said loops to bring the hooks thereof into paths parallel with the paths of said warp threads. and means for returning said needles with their hooks in a position parallel with said warp threads and to said initial position below said raised pile warp threads.

3. In a loom of the character described, equipped with means for raising and lowering pile warp threads and alternately for raising and lowering ground warp threads and with shuttle means for periodically weaving a weft thread between said warp threads, a plurality of needles mounted for bodily movement backward and forward in planes always parallel with vertical planes passing through said warp threads, said needles being also mounted for turning movement. said needles being provided with hooked ends, means for bringing said needles into a rear position below said pile warp threads when the same are raised, means for rotatin said needles to bring said hooks transversely of said pile warp threads, means for advancing said needles to bring the hooked ends thereof into engagement with said pile warp threads to form a loop in each of said pile warp threads, means for, turning said needles after the forming of said loops to bring the hooks thereof into paths parallel with the paths of said warp threads, and means for retracting said needles with the hooks thereof so turned in paths parallel with said warp threads to said initial position below said raised pile warp threads.

4. In a loom of the character described, equipped with means for advancing ground warp and pile warp threads, with heddles for receiving the pile warp threads and ground warp threads, and with means for moving said heddles to raise and lower the pile warp threads relatively to the ground warp threads, a loop projecting bar mounted for movement back and forth in a single path lying in an arcuate surface normal to a vertical plane passing through a warp thread, spaced needles mounted in said bar for rotary movement, said needles being equipped with laterally-extending hooks for engaging said pile warp threads, means for advancing and overcoming said loop projecting bar in said path, and means for rotating said needles to bring the hooks thereof in a plane transversely of said pile warp threads when said pile warp threads are raised and said needles are advanced, whereby loops are formed in each of said pile warp threads, and for turning said needles into planes parallel with said advancing warp threads when said needles are drawn back to their initial position. v

5. In a loom of the character described, equipped with means for advancing ground warp and pile warp threads, means for raising and lowering said pile warp threads alternately and said ground warp threads alternately in timed sequence, shuttle means for periodically weaving a weft thread between said warp threads, a plurality of needles mounted for bodily movement relative to the warp threads and also mounted for turning movement, said needles being provided 20 are being lowered. thereby forming loops in said threads, and means for rotating said needles to bring the hooks thereof into planes parallel with said warp threads while returning said needles to their initial position below said raised pile warp threads.

ROBERT E. WALLISER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 144,077 Ellison Oct. 28, 1873 353,937 Harrison Dec. 7, 1886 506,467 Britain Oct. 10, 1893 608,226 Sargent Aug. 2, 1898 642,740 Duquesne Feb. 6, 1900 666,270 Hattersley Jan. 22, 1901 1,023,537 White Apr. 16,1912

1,561,282 Sandeman W Nov. 10, 1925 2,353,968 Pedrazzo July 18, 1944 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 205,130 Great Britain Oct. 17, 1923 

